Sensor Simulation and position calibration for the CMS pixel detector

In this paper a detailed simulation of irradiated pixel sensors was used to investigate the effects of radiation damage on charge sharing and position determination. The simulation implements a model of radiation damage by including two defect levels with opposite charge states and trapping of charge carriers. We show that charge sharing functions extracted from the simulation can be parameterized as a function of the inter-pixel position and used to improve the position determination. For sensors irradiated to Phi=5.9x10^14 n/cm^2 a position resolution below 15 um can be achieved after calibration.Comment: Presented at the 14th Int. Workshop on Vertex Detectors (Vertex 2005), November 7-11 2005, Chuzenji Lake, Nikko, Japan. 4 pages, 1 figur

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Statistical Uncertainties in Temperature Diagnostics for Hot Coronal Plasma Using the ASCA SIS

Statistical uncertainties in determining the temperatures of hot (0.5 keV to 10 keV) coronal plasmas are investigated. The statistical precision of various spectral temperature diagnostics is established by analyzing synthetic ASCA Solid-state Imaging Spectrometer (SIS) CCD spectra. The diagnostics considered are the ratio of hydrogen-like to helium-like line complexes of $Z\ge14$ elements, line-free portions of the continuum, and the entire spectrum. While fits to the entire spectrum yield the highest statistical precision, it is argued that fits to the line-free continuum are less susceptible to atomic data uncertainties but lead to a modest increase in statistical uncertainty over full spectral fits. Temperatures deduced from line ratios can have similar accuracy but only over a narrow range of temperatures. Convenient estimates of statistical accuracies for the various temperature diagnostics are provided which may be used in planning ASCA SIS observations.Comment: postscript file of 8 pages+3 figures; 4 files tarred, compressed and uuencoded. To appear in the Astrophysical Journal Letters; contents copyright 1994 American Astronomical Societ

Some Choctaw sentence structures

From the introduction: Being somewhat familiar with Longacre\u27s case grammar approach to clause analysis, (Longacre, 1974), I felt it would be helpful to apply his sentence level techniques to the study of Choctaw. Longacre presents a binary, eight-part framework within which he groups all the various types of sentence combinations. [...] I chose to concentrate on the first four deep structures which find their counterparts in formal logic. Basically, conjoining and alternation are non-sequential deep structures while temporal and implication are sequential